This report includes 66 cases of Salmonella typhimurium infection in 3 hospitals at Shanghai from Jan through Oct 1982. All the patients were under 2 yrs of age, among them 41 (62.1%) were below 6 mo. Salmonella typhimurium bacilli were isolated from stools in all and from blood in three. The main clinical manifestations were: fever in 64 cases with 77% above 39℃, and diarrhea 2~20 times daily in all, with watery, mucoid, pussy or bloody stools, which were clinically indistinguishable from bacillary dysentery. More than half of the cases had underlying diseases, such as bronchopneumonia, septicemia, purulent meningitis, infantile hepatitis syndrome, severe malnutrition and anemia. Various combination of antibiotics was given to all, and ampicillin combined with gentamycin appeared to be the most beneficial. Three patients (<5 mo) died, of severe malnutrition complicated with bronchopneumonia, staphylococcal septicemia, DIC and shock in 2 and postoperative megacolon in one.