Objective: To explore the distribution of pathogens in acute attack of bronchial asthma and their relationship with age and gender of patients, and to analyze the drug resistance. Methods: A total of 159 patients with acute attack of bronchial asthma were selected as the study subjects by retrospective study method. Sputum culture was performed and the detection of pathogens was counted. The relationship between distribution of pathogens and age, gender of patients was analyzed. The drug resistance was also performed. Results: Among 159 samples, ninety-four samples were found to be infected; the infection rate was 59.12%. One hundred and five strains of pathogens were detected, of which G(+) accounted for 22.86%, G(-) accounted for 74.29%, fungi accounted for 2.86%. Of the 94 infected samples detected, the infection rate was significantly higher in patients > 60 years of age than in patients <= 60 years of age (P < 0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of G(+), G(-) and fungal strains detected between patients <= 60 years of age and > 60 years of age (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the infection rate and the proportion of G(+), G(-) and fungal strains detected between male and female patients (P > 0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa had high resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and ceftriaxone, low resistance to gentamicin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin, SMZTMP, imipenem and meropenem; Escherichia coli had high resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and gentamicin, low resistance to piperacillin, imipenem and meropenem; Staphylococcus aureus had high resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin, while no resistance to gentamicin, vancomycin and rifampicin. Conclusion: Acute attack of bronchial asthma is closely related to pathogens infection, and patients > 60 years old have a higher risk of infection. For infection caused by different strains, sensitive antibacterial drugs should be selected according to in vitro drug sensitivity test in order to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and improve the therapeutic effect.