Background: The choice and efficacy of surgical or/and surgical treatments for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) remained controversial by now. This study aims to present the outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical treatments for TON in our center. Methods: A total of 685 consecutive patients were retrospectively included in the study. And divided into surgical and non-surgical groups. All cases were treated with corticosteroids for 3 days after admission. Endoscopic optic decompression was applied to 479 patients of surgical group; The other 206 patients of nonsurgical were administered with corticosteroids alone. The visual outcomes before and after treatment were compared with Wilcoxon rank and tests. The improvement rate between two groups were compared with chi-square test. Results: The visual acuity (VA) after treatment was significantly better than that before treatment (P=0.000). Overall VA improvement rate in the surgical group was better than that in non-surgical group (42.8% vs. 35.4%) with no significant difference (P=0.072). The VA improvement rate was significant greater in the surgical group than that in the non-surgical group in the patients with NLP before treatment (P=0.028). The VA improvement rate was better in the surgical group than that in the non-surgical group (71.9% vs. 57.8%) but with no significant difference. The final overall VA was 0.1 or better in 43 cases; 104 cases were able to count fingers; hand motion (HM) became perceivable in 132 cases; light perception (LP) was achieved in 53 cases; and no light perception (NLP) remained in 353 cases. Conclusions: Endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) combined with corticosteroids or corticosteroids alone could reach the improvement for patients with TON. The EOND combined with corticosteroids could achieve better VA improvement in patients with NLP.