机构：[1]Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland[2]Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland[3]Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane Birmingham, United Kingdom[4]Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore[5]Southern California College of Optometry, Marshall B Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, United States[6]Wertheim School Optometry and Vision Science, Berkeley, California, United States[7]Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China研究所眼科研究所首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院首都医科大学附属同仁医院[8]Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands[9]Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands[10]Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands[11]Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland[12]University of California – San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States[13]UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States[14]Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan[15]Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States[16]Wilmer Eye Institute, The John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States[17]Ophthalmology Center Glazka, Novosibirsk, Russia[18]Department of Vitreoretinal Research, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom[19]Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands[20]L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia
(≤−6 diopters [D]) in infants and young children.
FINDINGS. High myopia is rare in pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%.
The etiology of myopia in such children is different than in older children, with a high
rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes. The priority
following the diagnosis of high myopia in childhood is to determine whether there is
an associated medical diagnosis that may be of greater overall importance to the health
of the child through a clinical evaluation that targets the commonest features associated with syndromic forms of myopia. Biometric evaluation (including axial length and
corneal curvature) is important to distinguishing axial myopia from refractive myopia
associated with abnormal development of the anterior segment. Additional investigation
includes ocular imaging, electrophysiological tests, genetic testing, and involvement of
pediatricians and clinical geneticists is often warranted. Following investigation, optical
correction is essential, but this may be more challenging and complex than in older children. Application of myopia control interventions in this group of children requires a
case-by-case approach due to the lack of evidence of efficacy and clinical heterogeneity
of high myopia in young children.
CONCLUSIONS. High myopia in infants and young children is a rare condition with a different pattern of etiology to that seen in older children. The clinical management of such
children, in terms of investigation, optical correction, and use of myopia control treatments, is a complex and often multidisciplinary process.
第一作者机构：[1]Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland[2]Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland[*1]Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Temple Street, Temple Street, Dublin, D01 YC67, Ireland
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland[2]Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland[*1]Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Temple Street, Temple Street, Dublin, D01 YC67, Ireland
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Ian Flitcroft,John Ainsworth,Audrey Chia,et al.IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children[J].INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE.2023,64(6):doi:10.1167/iovs.64.6.3.
APA：
Ian Flitcroft,John Ainsworth,Audrey Chia,Susan Cotter,Elise Harb...&Pavan K. Verkicharla.(2023).IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children.INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE,64,(6)
MLA：
Ian Flitcroft,et al."IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children".INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE 64..6(2023)
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