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FOXI3 pathogenic variants cause one form of craniofacial microsomia

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机构: [1]School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China [2]Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of GenevaMedical Faculty, Geneva 1211, Switzerland [3]Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland [4]Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [5]Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School,University of Athens, Athens, Greece [6]Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece [7]CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany [8]Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland [9]Plastic SurgeryHospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100144, China [10]Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministryof Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China [11]Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000,China [12]Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland [13]Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRMIST,Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu 603203, India [14]Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [15]Department ofOtolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [16]Anatomy Department, Khyber MedicalUniversity Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kohat, Pakistan [17]Department of Medicine, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), DHQ Hospital KDA,Kohat, Pakistan [18]Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy [19]Department of Medicine,Surgery, and Dentistry, Università University degli of Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy [20]Medical Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, PediatricCardiology, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neuropsychiatry, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy [21]Sezione di GeneticaMedica, Ospedale ‘Bambino Gesù’, Rome, Italy [22]Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy [23]Department of Fundamental Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland [24]Laboratory of Regulatory & Functional Genomics,Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy [25]Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy [26]Medical Genetics Unit, University of Perugia Hospital SM della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy [27]Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital,Florence, Italy [28]Pediatric Department, ASST Lariana, Santa Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy [29]Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School ofBiological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK [30]Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway [31]Centrede Référence Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, Institut Imagine, Paris, France [32]Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Universityof Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy [33]Departments of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City,Kansas City, MO 64108, USA [34]Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [35]Human Genome Sequencing Center, BaylorCollege of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [36]iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomes in Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Craniofacial microsomia (CFM; also known as Goldenhar syndrome), is a craniofacial developmental disorder of variable expressivity and severity with a recognizable set of abnormalities. These birth defects are associated with structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches, can occur unilaterally and include ear dysplasia, microtia, preauricular tags and pits, facial asymmetry and other malformations. The inheritance pattern is controversial, and the molecular etiology of this syndrome is largely unknown. A total of 670 patients belonging to unrelated pedigrees with European and Chinese ancestry with CFM, are investigated. We identify 18 likely pathogenic variants in 21 probands (3.1%) in FOXI3. Biochemical experiments on transcriptional activity and subcellular localization of the likely pathogenic FOXI3 variants, and knock-in mouse studies strongly support the involvement of FOXI3 in CFM. Our findings indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance, and/or autosomal recessive inheritance. The phenotypic expression of the FOXI3 variants is variable. The penetrance of the likely pathogenic variants in the seemingly dominant form is reduced, since a considerable number of such variants in affected individuals were inherited from non-affected parents. Here we provide suggestive evidence that common variation in the FOXI3 allele in trans with the pathogenic variant could modify the phenotypic severity and accounts for the incomplete penetrance.© 2023. The Author(s).

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第一作者机构: [1]School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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通讯机构: [1]School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China [2]Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of GenevaMedical Faculty, Geneva 1211, Switzerland [10]Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministryof Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China [12]Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland [36]iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomes in Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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