To analyze the feasibility and efficacy of sleeve lobectomy after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in multicenter patients with squamous cell lung cancer.We retrospectively identified patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy (n = 14) or chemotherapy alone (n = 33) at five thoracic surgery centers between 2018 and 2020. The primary end point was 30-day major complications. The secondary end point was major pathologic response. Multivariate analysis was performed with a log-binomial regression model adjusting potential risk factors.All patients received induction therapy and underwent sleeve lobectomy without 90-day postoperative deaths. The distribution of age, sex, nutrition status, pulmonary and cardiac function, tumor stage, surgical approach, and location of the pulmonary lobe was well balanced between the two cohorts. In the immunotherapy cohort, two patients (14.3%) experienced a pulmonary major complication, whereas nine pulmonary major complications and one cardiac major complication (30.3%) occurred in the chemotherapy cohort (p = 0.302).Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in addition to chemotherapy did not increase 30-day risk of postoperative complications, and immunotherapy is a favorable factor affecting pathologic downstage and response. Therefore, sleeve lobectomy after induction chemoimmunotherapy appears safe and feasible.© 2023 The Authors.