BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disease and could be considered a metabolic disease because it is often accompanied by obesity and insulin resistance. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation has been shown to be effective in treating PCOS rats.ResultsThe study demonstrated that BAT successfully recovered the reproductive and metabolic phenotype of PCOS rats. The disorder estrous cycle, abnormal hyperglycemia and the expression of liver factors were improved. Differentially expressed metabolites were analyzed, among them, arachidonic acid may play a role in inhibiting cell proliferation, enhancing oxidative stress reaction, promoting estrogen expression, and reducing progesterone level in KGN cells.ConclusionOur findings suggest that BAT transplantation may be a therapeutic strategy for PCOS by changing the expression of some cytokines and metabolites. Differentially expressed metabolites might be crucially important for the pathogenesis of PCOS.