Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) plays a pivotal etiological role in low back pain, which is a global cause of disability. Although the underlying pathological processes and mechanisms of IVDD are complex, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix degradation are recognized as crucial determinants of degeneration. The delicate equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants holds profound significance in maintaining normal cellular functions, while the extracellular matrix maintains intervertebral disc stability. This study developed an injectable bioadhesive hydrogel with mechanical properties similar to those of the nucleus pulposus. Unlike some antioxidative drug carrier materials, this hydrogel achieved oxidative stress removal through the material, and loaded transforming growth factor-beta 3 gradually released to regulate the extracellular matrix. Cellular experiments demonstrated the ability of the hydrogel to scavenge oxygen radicals, stimulate nucleus pulposus cell migration, and regulate collagen secretion. Moreover, radiographic and histological analyses in a needle-induced rat-tail IVDD model confirmed the potential of the hydrogel to restore disc height, maintain disc hydration, preserve disc tissue structure, and promote collagen secretion. These findings have promising implications for the potential efficacy of hydrogels in ameliorating IVDD.