Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common malignant hematologic neoplasm that is difficult to cure with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. The main reasons are the low bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs and the therapeutic resistance to chemotherapeutic agents of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) due to their location and characteristics. A wide range of novel strategies has been investigated to address the relapse of AML. With the continuous development of nanobiotechnology, cell and cell-based drug delivery systems have provided a promising therapeutic approach to treat AML. This review summarizes recent research advances in using cells, nanoparticles, and cell membrane coated nanoparticles (CMCNPs) for target drug delivery and target therapeutic for AML. CMCNPs retain the biological properties of the cell membrane, combined with the multiple treatments of functionalized nanoparticles, which have been demonstrated to be effective in many preclinical studies. However, the safety, generalizability, clinical translatability, and efficacy of CMCNPs need further consideration and development.