The COMMODORE study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of gilteritinib versus salvage chemotherapy (SC) treatment in a predominantly Asian population with relapsed/refractory (R/R) FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mutated((mut+)) acute myeloid leukemia (AML); here we present an exploratory analysis of the study stratified by region (China, South-East Asia and Russia). COMMODORE was a Phase 3, open-label, randomized (1:1), multicenter trial. There were 151, 50, and 33 patients in the China, South-East Asia, and Russia cohorts, respectively. Patients treated with gilteritinib had prolonged median overall survival (OS) versus SC-treated patients in all regions (China: 10.0 vs. 5.7 months, HR [95% CI]: 0.614 [0.385, 0.981]; South-East Asia: 7.8 vs. 4.7 months, HR [95% CI]: 0.887 [0.427, 1.843]; Russia: 8.8 vs. 2.6 months, HR [95% CI]: 0.271 [0.111, 0.662]). Improvements in event-free survival (EFS) were observed in the gilteritinib versus SC arms across all cohorts (China: 2.1 vs. 0.8 months; HR [95% CI]: 0.645 [0.427, 0.974]; South-East Asia 2.4 vs. < 0.1 months; HR [95% CI]: 0.415 [0.208, 0.830]; Russia: 6.2 vs. 0.6 months; HR [95% CI]: 0.221 [0.080, 0.614]). Complete remission rates were numerically higher in the gilteritinib versus SC arm across all three regions. Gilteritinib compared with SC treatment improved OS and EFS with no new safety signals, reinforcing the known efficacy and safety profile of gilteritinib in patients with R/R FLT3(mut+) AML, and affirming the clinical benefit of gilteritinib in three different patient populations. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03182244.