This study aims to investigate the effect of prior percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) surgical experience on the learning curve of the unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) technique.A total of 200 patients undergoing single-segment UBE surgery were enrolled. The procedures were performed by four surgeons, who were divided into two groups based on whether they had prior PELD experience (Group A: with; Group B: without). Proficiency in UBE technique was defined as a surgery time of less than 80 min. The cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) method was used to analyze each surgeon's learning curve. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after surgery: Modified Macnab, VAS-leg, VAS-back, and ODI scores. Follow-up information was obtained 12 months postoperatively.The number of cases required for Group A surgeons to achieve proficiency were 17 and 18, significantly fewer than the 25 and 27 cases for Group B surgeons. No significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed between the two groups. The complication rates for Group A and Group B were 5 and 14, respectively.Prior PELD surgical experience facilitates learning the UBE technique. This experience further aids in shortening surgical times, lowering complication rates, and decreasing the need for reoperation.© 2025 Xie, Chen, Yu, Liu, Gu and Ye.