A group of 433 neonates with pneumonia were studied through the monitoring of audiology on the basis of epidemiology in perineonatal hearing impairment and applied auditory evoked potentials. The results showed that 29 cases had a threshold of more than 30 dBnHL in primary auditory brainstem response test (6.7%), and 19 cases with threshold, more than 40 dBnHL in primary 40Hz-auditory event related potential (40Hz-AERP) test (4.4%). The follow-up between the 3rd and 12th month after the initial test demonstrated that 12 cases had hearing impairment to various degrees.