CD4+latency-associated peptide (LAP)+ T cells are a newly discovered T cell subset with suppressive function on immune responses. In this study, we investigate the role of CD4+LAP+T cells on mice corneal allograft survival by down-regulating their expression using anti-LAP mAb. We show that a blockage of LAP leads to a decrease in the percentage of T cells expressing CD4+Foxp3+, CD4+GARP+, CD4+LAP+ and CD4+IL-10+ in the lymph nodes and spleens of mice undergoing orthotopic penetrating transplantation of corneal allograft, without affecting corneal graft survival. In addition, higher percentages of CD4+IFN-gamma+ and CD4+IL-17A+T cells in the lymph nodes and spleens, as well as TNF, IFN-gamma, IL-17A and IL-6 levels in the aqueous humor, significantly increase in mice with rejected corneal grafts. The expression of TGF-beta 1 decreases in corneal grafts during corneal rejection period. It is therefore possible that anti-LAP mAb can down-regulate the regulatory T cell subsets with its immunosuppressive effects. The rejection of corneal grafts seems to mainly be associated with the up-regulation of Th1 and Th17 cell subsets in peripheral lymph nodes.