Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common types of head and neck malignant tumor; however, there is a lack of effective molecular targets for therapy. The present study detected the expression of three immunity-associated molecules [forkhead box (FOX)3, interleukin (IL)-10 and cluster of differentiation (CD)274] in 133 LSCC samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC); subsequently, the association between their expression and the clinical characteristics of LSCC were analyzed. Spearman's rank correlation method, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model were used to analyze the correlations of the three proteins and their clinical significance. StarBase and miRTarBase databases were used to establish the competitive endogenous (ce)RNA network of the three molecules. IHC demonstrated that the positive expression rates of FOXP3, IL-10 and CD274 were 68.4, 73.7 and 58.6% in 133 LSCC samples, respectively. In addition, it was identified that the expression of the three proteins was closely correlated with the clinical characteristics of LSCC, including lymph node metastasis and prognosis (P<0.05). There was also a significant association of co-expression between any two proteins (P<0.001). Furthermore, the expression levels of FOXP3, IL-10 and CD274 were negatively associated with the survival rate of patients with LSCC (P<0.05). The results of a Cox regression model suggested that the three proteins were prognostic risk factors for LSCC (P<0.05). The ceRNA network revealed that 10 microRNAs (miRs; including miR-16-5p and miR-214-3p), 123 long non-coding RNAs (including X-inactive specific transcript, H19 and metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) and 408 circular RNAs (including ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 hsa_circ_001569 and ISY1 splicing factor homolog hsa_circ_001859) may regulate the expression of FOXP3, IL-10 and CD274. The data generated from the present study may increase the understanding of the immune escape mechanisms of LSCC and may be beneficial for the development of a specific immunotherapy.