机构：[1]Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China研究所眼科研究所首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院首都医科大学附属同仁医院[2]Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany[3]Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China[4]Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China[5]Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India[6]The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China,[7]Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital, Peking University, & Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China[8]Tongren Eye Care Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院首都医科大学附属同仁医院[9]School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China[10]Beijing Key Laboratory of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,[11]Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Purpose Since high myopia in the younger generation may differ etiologically from high myopia in older generations, we examined whether education-related parameters differ between high myopia in today's school children and high pathological myopia in today's elderly generation. Methods The investigation included the adult populations of the population-based Beijing Eye Study (BES) (3468 adults; mean age: 64.6 +/- 9.8years; range: 50-93years) and Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS) (4711 adults; age: 49.+/- 13.2years; range: 30-100years), and the children and teenager populations of the Shandong Children Eye Study (SCES) (6026 children; age: 9.7 +/- 3.3years; range: 4-18years; cycloplegic refractometry), Gobi Desert Children Eye Study (1565; age: 11.9 +/- 3.5years; range: 6-21 years; cycloplegic refractometry), Beijing Pediatric Eye Study (681 children; age: 7.7 +/- 1.6years; range: 5-13 years; non-cycloplegic refractometry, calculation of axial length to corneal curvature radius ratio), Beijing Children Eye Study (15066 children; age: 13.2 +/- 3.4years; range: 7-18years; non-cycloplegic refractometry), Beijing High School Teenager Eye Study (4677 children; age: 16.9 +/- 0.7years; range: 16-18years; non-cycloplegic refractometry). Results In the BES and CIEMS, educational level did not differ significantly between, or was significantly lower in the highly myopic group (myopic refractive error >= 6 diopters) than in the non-highly myopic group. In all non-adult study populations, higher prevalence of high myopia was significantly associated with higher degree of education related parameters such as attendance of high-level schools, and more time spent for indoors near work versus time spent outdoors. Conclusions Comparing associations of old or genetic high myopia in adults with new or acquired high myopia in school children revealed that education-related parameters did not show a clear association with old or genetic high myopia, while in contrast, new high myopia showed strong associations with education. It confirms previous studies that the two forms of high myopia not only differed in age of onset, but also in associations with education as well. The data support the notion of two types of high myopia. Future studies may assess whether the risk of pathologic myopic maculopathy and high myopia associated open-angle glaucoma differs between both types of high myopia.
基金：
State Natural Sciences FundNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81041018]; Natural Sciences Fund of Beijing government [7092021, 7112031]; Shandong Science & Technology Department [2011GGB14097, 2011GGH21835, 2012YD18081]; Shandong Health Department [2011HD014]; Jinan Science & Technology Bureau [201102061]; Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG); Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific ResearchMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [15H04993] Funding Source: KAKEN
第一作者机构：[1]Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China[2]Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China[2]Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Jost B. Jonas,Liang Xu,Ya Xing Wang,et al.Education-Related Parameters in High Myopia: Adults versus School Children[J].PLOS ONE.2016,11(5):doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154554.
APA：
Jost B. Jonas,Liang Xu,Ya Xing Wang,Hong Sheng Bi,Jian Feng Wu...&Songhomitra PandaJonas.(2016).Education-Related Parameters in High Myopia: Adults versus School Children.PLOS ONE,11,(5)
MLA：
Jost B. Jonas,et al."Education-Related Parameters in High Myopia: Adults versus School Children".PLOS ONE 11..5(2016)
