Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the fasting plasma glucose cutoff of 7 mmol/L and the presence of retinopathy in a population in China. Methods: The Beijing Eye Study 2006 is a population-based study, which included 3,251 subjects aged >= 45 years. By using fundus photographs, retinopathy was assessed according to the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Results: The correlation between fasting plasma glucose concentration and retinopathy suggested a continuous relation instead of a uniform glycemic threshold for prevalent retinopathy. For the diabetes plasma glucose concentration cutoffs of 7.0 mmol/L, 5.6 mmol/L, and 7.8 mmol/L to differentiate between subjects with or without retinopathy, the sensitivities were 18.8%, 44.0%, and 15.4%, respectively, and the specificities were 94.3%, 73.8%, and 96.6%, respectively. After excluding subjects with known diabetes and/or subjects on antidiabetic treatment, the sensitivities of diabetes plasma glucose concentration cutoffs of 7.0 mmol/L, 5.6 mmol/L, and 7.8 mmol/L to differentiate between subjects with or without retinopathy were 7.9%, 34.2%, and 6.3%, respectively, and the specificities were 96.5%, 77.1%, and 98.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Confirming a recent study from Australian and North American populations, the results suggest that also for the Chinese population, a uniform glycemic threshold for prevalent retinopathy does not exist. RETINA 30: 1223-1227, 2010