Aim of purpose To observe the different expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) between pre- and postoperation of sham cataract surgery in vitro human lens capsule bag model from the same donor eye in order to investigate a possible role of MMPs in posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Methods Sham cataract surgeries were performed in six human donor eyes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and -9 of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the anterior capsulorhexis. LEC migration on posterior capsule of human lens from the same donor eye was observed in a modified capsule bag model without pin. Total MMP-2 and -9 protein production were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at days 2, 10, 20, and 30 postoperation, respectively. Results MMP-2 and -9 could not be detected immunohistochemically on the anterior capsulorhexis preoperation of cataract. Lens epithelia cells at the equator began to migrate by day 4. A confluent monolayer of lens epithelia cells was present on the posterior capsule at day 20. Total MMP-2 and -9 protein production increased with time with maximum levels reached on day 30. Conclusion MMP-2 and -9 were showed to be upregulated following sham cataract surgery. MMP expression could play an important role in PCO.