To compare the effectiveness of intravitreal conbercept and ranibizumab treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).In this retrospective study, the date of patients with ROP treated with intravitreal conbercept or ranibizumab from July 2012 to March 2018 with at least 12 months of follow-up at the Eye Center in People's Hospital of Peking University were analysed. Regression, progression or recurrence and peripheral retina vascularization were evaluated.In total, 283 eyes (145 infants) with conbercept treatment and 916 eyes (480 infants) with ranibizumab treatment were enrolled. In zone I ROP and aggressive posterior ROP (APROP), the recurrence prevalence was 49.09% (108/220 eyes) and 28.57% (10/33 eyes), and the recurrence interval was 7.87 ± 0.65 (5.5-9.5) weeks and 10.6 ± 1.53 (10.5-13) weeks in the ranibizumab and conbercept groups, respectively. In zone II ROP disease, the recurrence prevalence was 23.56% (164/696 eyes) and 13.31% (33/248 eyes), and the interval of recurrence was 8.40 ± 0.88 (6-10.5) weeks and 11.4 ± 1.35 (11-13.5) weeks in the ranibizumab and conbercept groups, respectively. The recurrence prevalence was significantly higher with ranibizumab in Zone I ROP and APROP (p = 0.006) and Zone II ROP (p < 0.001), and the recurrence interval was significantly longer in the conbercept group than that in the ranibizumab (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of retinal vascularization (p = 0.441).Conbercept and ranibizumab are effective for treating ROP. Compared with ranibizumab, conbercept resulted in less recurrence and longer treatment intervals.© 2020 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.