To the Editor: Renal calculi affect 10-15% of adults, and large stones can cause pain and potential kidney damage.[1] Nephrolithotomy is the primary treatment for stones over two centimeters, previously managed by open surgery, which caused significant pain, blood loss, and long hospital stays.[2] Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive procedure, offering reduced pain, shorter recovery, and fewer complications. However, it requires precise renal puncture and specialized training due to the complex renal anatomy.
基金：
Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support (No. XMLX202134 to Hao Ping).
第一作者机构：[1]Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
共同第一作者：
通讯作者：
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Yan Wei,Guo Danyang,Liu Yutong,et al.Effectiveness and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with 3D mixed-reality guidance for renal calculi removal[J].Chinese Medical Journal.2025,138(2):216-218.doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000003331.
APA：
Yan Wei,Guo Danyang,Liu Yutong,Qiao Ludong,Du Zhen...&Ping Hao.(2025).Effectiveness and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with 3D mixed-reality guidance for renal calculi removal.Chinese Medical Journal,138,(2)
MLA：
Yan Wei,et al."Effectiveness and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with 3D mixed-reality guidance for renal calculi removal".Chinese Medical Journal 138..2(2025):216-218
