RATIONALE:At present, the impact of LTOT on the survival rate of pneumoconiosis patients with concurrent moderate to severe resting hypoxemia is unclear. The Chinese Expert Consensus on the Treatment of Pneumoconiosis (2024 Edition) suggests that Pneumoconios patients should receive reasonable oxygen therapy, but the evidence source is not specified. Therefore, this study intends to adopt a real-world retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of long-term home oxygen therapy on the survival rate of pneumoconiosis patients with concurrent moderate to severe resting hypoxemia.METHODS:We retrieved the pneumoconiosis patients who were hospitalized and diagnosed as pneumoconiosis in 3 comprehensive Grade IIIA hospitals in Kunming from January 2013 to January 2019, pneumoconiosis patients complicated with moderate-to-severe resting hypoxemia were screened , and divided them into routine group and oxygen therapy group with long-term home oxygen therapy as exposure factors, which were matched by propensity score matching (PSM) to balance the confounders, and then observe the survival status of the two groups at 3 and 5 years. Kaplan-Meier was used to draw the survival curve of oxygen therapy group and routine group,and log-rank test was used to compare the difference between the two groups.RESULTS:After PSM, 214 patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with moderate-tosevere resting hypoxemia were enrolled,107 in the conventional group and 107 in the oxygen therapy group.There were statistically significant differences in age, smoking and CCI index before matching(P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in all data after PSM (P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 3-year overall survival rate of pneumoconiosis patients with moderate-to-severe resting hypoxemia was 89.30%,among which the 3-year survival rate of oxygen therapy group was 92.50%, and that of conventional group was 86.00%, the difference was not statistically significant(log−rank χ2 = 2.427,P=0.119).The 5-year overall survival rate was 79.00%.The survival rate of oxygen therapy group (86.00%) was higher than that of conventional group (72.00%), and the difference was statistically significant(log−rank χ2 =6.416,P=0.011).CONCLUSIONS:Long-term home oxygen therapy can improve the 5-year survival rate of patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with moderate-to-severe resting hypoxemia.The Effect of Long-term Home Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Pneumoconiosis Complicated by Moderate to Severe Hypoxemia.