Endometriosis (EM), the presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, is a common gynecological disorder. At present, the pathogenesis of EM has not been fully elucidated, so there is still a lack of effective therapy. The present study aimed to explore the role of C-C motif chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28) and its underlying mechanism in endometrial stromal cells to propose a novel therapy for EM treatment. The expression of CCL28 and CC chemokine receptor 10 (CCR10) were examined. After CCL28 knockdown or overexpression by lentivirus infection, cell proliferation and invasion were measured. It was revealed that compared with normal, the expression levels of CCL28 and CCR10 were significantly elevated in endometrial tissues of patients with EM. Knockdown of CCL28 in endometrial stromal cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, and this was accompanied by significantly reduced expression levels of CCR10, MMP2, MMP9, integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) and phosphorylated (p)-ERK/ERK ratio. The addition of the CCL28 recombinant protein had an opposite effect to CCL28 downregulation. Furthermore, the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, reduced CCL28-induced cell proliferation and invasion, as well as the expression levels of MMP2, MMP9, ITGB1 and p-ERK. Therefore, the present study indicated that CCL28 may contribute to the progression of EM by regulating MMP2, MMP9 and ITGB1 expression and function via the activation of the ERK signaling pathway.