Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the value of ocular endoscopy in detecting and extracting intraocular cil-ia in patients with ocular trauma. Material/Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on identification and extraction of 46 intraocular cilia in 16 eyes with open -globe injury during endoscope-assisted vitrectomy. Results: A total of the 16 patients with open-globe injury were operated on from September 2002 to June 2019. The cornea in 14 eyes was cloudy. Two eyes had endophthalmitis and 13 eyes had retinal detachment. A total of 46 cilia were extracted through direct observation under the ocular endoscope during vitrectomy 1 to 68 weeks af-ter injury. The number of cilia per eye varied from 1 to 10. Most of the cilia were located in or near the wound. Postoperative IOP was normal in 14 patients. The follow-up after surgery showed hypotony in only 2 eyes (7.2 and 5.8 mmHg, respectively). Compared with preoperative intraocular pressure, there was a statistically sig-nificant difference. The postoperative visual acuity improved in 12 eyes and remained unchanged in 3 eyes. The vision after surgery was significantly improved compared with that before surgery (P=0.006). The intraoc-ular pressure increased significantly after operation (P<0.001). And no glaucoma or retinal detachment or en-dophthalmitis was found. No eyes needed additional vitreous surgery. Conclusions: Ocular endoscopy allows surgeons to detect intraocular cilia that were no undetected by CT or B-ultrasound preoperatively in time and to extract them effectively. It improves performance of vitrectomy in the presence of a cloudy cornea and also prevents exogenous endophthalmitis. The vision of patients with ocular trauma was improved.