Background: The utilization of liposomes in drug delivery has garnered significant attention due to their efficient drug loading capacity and excellent biocompatibility, rendering them a promising platform for tumor therapy. However, the average size of liposomes similar to 100 nm leads to liposomes being susceptible to hepatic and renal metabolism to excretion outside the body leading to poor drug delivery efficiency with a total utilization rate of less than 0.7%, resulting in unfavorable treatment outcomes. Results: We have developed a novel liposome platform equipped with tumor surface nucleolin-targeting capacity to enhance drug accumulation at the tumor in vivo. The encapsulation of doxorubicin through thin film hydration has resulted in the formation of D@L-AS1411. Through in vivo experiments, we have demonstrated the effective accumulation of D@L-AS1411 at the tumor site and its ability to improve doxorubicin utilization rates by 40%. Additionally, D@L-AS1411 induces immunogenic death of tumor cells, release of tumor-associated antigens, upregulation of calreticulin expression, and recruitment of active T cell infiltration, and ultimately improves the therapeutic efficacy against tumors (70%). Conclusions: Based on the nucleic acid aptamer AS1411, D@L-1411 is developed to specifically enhance the accumulation of Dox at tumor sites, thereby inhibiting and enhancing the anti-tumor effect. In summary, this study not only provides an efficient tumor-targeting delivery platform but also contributes to the improvement of chemotherapy-immunotherapy combination for tumor treatment strategy in the clinic.