Background: There are no established biomarkers predictive of the efficacy of treatment for ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL). Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting the response of OAL to chemotherapy. Material and Methods: Twenty-one patients, who were pathologically diagnosed with OAL, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) response evaluation criteria for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, patients were divided into responders (n=14) and non-responders (n=7). The volume transfer constant (K-trans), rate constant (K-ep), extracellular extravascular volume fraction (Ve), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were computed. Two independent-sample tests were applied for statistical analysis. For significantly different parameters, receiver-operator characteristics curve analysis was performed. Results: The K-trans value (min(-1)), K-ep value (min(-1)), and ADC value (10(-3)mm(2)/s) were 0.760.36 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SD), 4.43 +/- 1.29 vs. 3.14 +/- 1.37, and 0.51 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.66 +/- 0.15, respectively, in the responders and non-responders groups. Significant differences were found between the two groups regarding these parameters (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in Ve (min(-1)) between the groups (P>0.05). K-trans, K-ep, and ADC had a moderately predictive sensitivity or specificity. When K-trans and ADC or the three parameters were combined, a considerably higher sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (85.7%) with a significant discriminative accuracy (area under the curve=0.929; P=0.002) was found. Conclusion: K-trans, K-ep, and ADC could potentially predict OAL response to chemotherapy. A combination of these DWI and DCE-MRI quantitative parameters might increase sensitivity and specificity.