Objectives: We performed this meta-analysis to assess the correlation of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for population-based studies reporting the CKD as associated factor to RVO, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Then we pooled the data for analysis. Results: After screening potential literature, 12 eligible studies with 23,656,214 individuals were finally included in quantitative synthesis. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CKD in RVO group was 10.9% (95% CI: 6.6%, 15.1%). The pooled prevalence of any RVO in end stage renal disease (ESRD) group was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.6%, 2.1%). The prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in subjects diagnosed with RVO than non-RVO participants (odds ratio [OR]: 3.30; 95% CI: 2.28, 4.76;p < 0.001). CRVO subjects had a higher prevalence of CKD than BRVO patients (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.66;p = 0.004). In a similar manner, compared to non-ESRD subjects, ESRD patients had significantly higher prevalence of RVO (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.97, 2.43;p < 0.001), CRVO (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 2.17, 3.15;p < 0.001) and BRVO (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.76, 2.30;p < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD increases in RVO patients, especially in CRVO. And in turn, the prevalence of RVO also increases in ESRD patients. The data support a correlation of RVO and CKD.