The research aims to explore the preparation and physicochemical properties of cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) sustained-release drug loading nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and to study the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of CEGI-NLC in treatment of retinal degenerative diseases, thereby providing an objective basis and guidance for clinical medication. The results showed that the particle size of drug-loaded microspheres was 333.2 nm and the potential was 24.9 MV, with an entrapment efficiency of (79±5.6)% and a drug loading efficiency of (7.76±2.3)%. The microspheres were spherical and evenly dispersed. The observations showed that drug-loaded microspheres had specific external sustained release characteristics compared with those of CEGI alone. CEGI-NLC can promote the activity of retinal cells. From the 7th to 28th day, the number of cell layers in the outer and inner nuclear layer retina decreased gradually. Electron microscopy observation showed that the apoptotic nuclear was deformed and the internal segment and cilia were broken down. After 14 and 28 days of CEGI-NLC treatment, the number of layers in the retina was thicker and the number of apoptotic cells was lower than those in the control group. The studies proved that CEGI-NLC has a positive effect on promoting the growth and the development of retinal cells as well as alleviating the process of retinal degeneration in RDS mice.