Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in rodents has largely been studied using ex vivo quantification of tracers. Techniques such as two-photon microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled in vivo quantification of CSF flow but they are limited by reduced imaging volumes and low spatial resolution, respectively. Recent work has found that CSF enters the brain parenchyma through a network of perivascular spaces surrounding the pial and penetrating arteries of the rodent cortex. This perivascular entry of CSF is a primary driver of the glymphatic system, a pathway implicated in the clearance of toxic metabolic solutes (e.g., amyloid-beta). Here, we illustrate a new macroscopic imaging technique that allows real-time, mesoscopic imaging of fluorescent CSF tracers through the intact skull of live mice. This minimally-invasive method facilitates a multitude of experimental designs and enables single or repeated testing of CSF dynamics. Macroscopes have high spatial and temporal resolution and their large gantry and working distance allow for imaging while performing tasks on behavioral devices. This imaging approach has been validated using two-photon imaging and fluorescence measurements obtained from this technique strongly correlate with ex vivo fluorescence and quantification of radio-labeled tracers. In this protocol, we describe how transcranial macroscopic imaging can be used to evaluate glymphatic transport in live mice, offering an accessible alternative to more costly imaging modalities.
基金:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute on Aging (US National Institutes of Health) [R01NS100366, RF1AG057575]; Fondation Leducq Transatlantic Networks of Excellence Program; EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [666881]
第一作者机构:[1]Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Ctr Translat Neuromed, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
通讯作者:
通讯机构:[1]Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Ctr Translat Neuromed, Rochester, NY 14627 USA[*1]Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Ctr Translat Neuromed, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714):
Sweeney Amanda M.,Pla Virginia,Du Ting,et al.In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy[J].JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS.2019,(149):e59774.doi:10.3791/59774.
APA:
Sweeney, Amanda M.,Pla, Virginia,Du, Ting,Liu, Guojun,Sun, Qian...&Nedergaard, Maiken.(2019).In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy.JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS,,(149)
MLA:
Sweeney, Amanda M.,et al."In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy".JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS ..149(2019)