机构：[1]State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[2]Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[3]IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[4]Department of Radiology/Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging/Tianjin Institute of Radiology/State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.[5]Department of Medical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.[6]Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.[7]Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.[8]Beijing City Key Laboratory for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.[9]Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.首都医科大学附属天坛医院[10]School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.[11]Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.[12]State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China.[13]Zhengzhou University People's Hospital &[14]Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.[14]Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Institute of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.四川大学华西医院[15]Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.[16]Xiamen Key Laboratory of Psychoradiology and Neuromodulation, Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.[17]Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.[18]Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.[19]School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.[20]School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.[21]Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.[22]Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.[23]Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.[24]State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China.[25]Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院[26]Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.[27]Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence/Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.[28]Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom.[29]Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China.[30]Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.[31]Beijing Key Laboratory of Safe AI and Superalignment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[32]Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.[33]Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.[34]NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.[35]National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.[36]Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.[37]Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.[38]Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.[39]Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.[40]Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.[41]School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.[42]Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.[43]Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.[44]Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.[45]State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.[46]Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.[47]Beijing Key Laboratory of Brainnetome and Brain-Computer Interface, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.[48]Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.[49]Science and Education Department, The First Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China.[50]Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.中山大学附属第一医院[51]Department of Radiology/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology/Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Medical Imaging, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.[52]FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, China.[53]Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.[54]Qilu Medical Imaging Institute of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.[55]Institute of Magnetic Field-free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.[56]Shandong Key Laboratory for Magnetic Field-free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Ji'nan, China.[57]Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.[58]Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China.[59]Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.[60]Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.[61]Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.四川大学华西医院[62]Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.[63]Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.[64]Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.[65]Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.[66]Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.重庆医科大学附属第一医院[67]Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi'an, China.[68]Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.[69]National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.[70]Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Brain-Computer Interface Research, Shanghai, China.[71]Department of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Guiyang, China.[72]Department of Radiology, Capital Medical University-Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China.医技科室放射科首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院首都医科大学附属同仁医院[73]Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.[74]Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.首都医科大学宣武医院[75]Psychiatry Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.[76]Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.首都医科大学宣武医院[77]Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences/Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.[78]Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Precision Pathology and Intelligent Diagnosis, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.[79]School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.[80]IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.[81]Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China.[82]Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China.[83]College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University.[84]Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China.[85]The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.[86]Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.[87]Addiction Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.[88]Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China.[89]Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.[90]State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.[91]Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interface and Brain-inspired intelligence/School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.[92]Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.[93]Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Institute for Sectional Anatomy and Digital Human, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Brain and Brain- Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.[94]Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.[95]Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.[96]Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.[97]Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.[98]Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment for Women's Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.[99]Medical Imaging Center, People's Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Xi'an, China.[100]Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.[101]Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.[102]Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.大连医科大学附属第一医院[103]Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.[104]The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.[105]Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.[106]Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.[107]Department of Radiology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China.[108]Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[109]Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.[110]Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.[111]Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.[112]Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.[113]Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.[114]Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.[115]Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China.[116]Department of Radiology of the Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.[117]Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.[118]Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.[119]Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.[120]Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院[121]Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.[122]Department of Radiology/Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Multimodal Medical Imaging Technology and Clinical Application, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.[123]Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.[124]Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.[125]Zhejiang University, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Hangzhou, China.[126]Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.[127]Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.[128]Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.[129]Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.[130]Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.[131]Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.[132]Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.[133]Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.[134]The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.[135]Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.[136]State Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.[137]Wenzhou Seventh Peopls Hospital, Wenzhou, China.[138]Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.[139]Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.[140]Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China.[141]Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[142]School of life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.[143]The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.昆明医科大学附属第一医院[144]Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China.[145]School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.[146]School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.[147]Center of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.[148]Qianjiang Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.[149]Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[150]Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.[151]Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Psychology, Shanghai, China.[152]Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.[153]7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.[154]Department of Radiology, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.[155]Cognitive Science and Allied Health School/Institute of Life and Health Sciences/Key Laboratory of Language and Cognitive Science (Ministry of Education)/Center for Cognitive Science of Language, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China.[156]Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.[157]Division of CT and MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.[158]Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China.[159]Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Institute of Radiology & State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.[160]College of medical imaging laboratory and rehabilitation/Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China.[161]Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China.[162]Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.[163]State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research/Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.[164]Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.[165]Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China.[166]Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.首都医科大学附属天坛医院[167]Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hefei City Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.[168]Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China.首都医科大学附属天坛医院[169]The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.[170]Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.重庆医科大学附属第一医院[171]Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.[172]Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.[173]Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.[174]School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.[175]The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.[176]Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Child Brain and Development, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院[177]Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.[178]Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China.[179]Department of Radiology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.[180]Department of Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.首都医科大学宣武医院[181]Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China.[182]Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.[183]National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Shenyang, China.[184]Institute of Aging, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.[185]Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.[186]Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.[187]Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China.[188]Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.[189]Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.[190]Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.[191]Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, China.
Human brain charts provide unprecedented opportunities for decoding neurodevelopmental milestones and establishing clinical benchmarks for precision brain medicine 1-7. However, current lifespan brain charts are primarily derived from European and North American cohorts, with Asian populations severely underrepresented. Here, we present the first population-specific brain charts for China, developed through the Chinese Lifespan Brain Mapping Consortium (Phase I) using neuroimaging data from 43,037 participants (aged 0-100 years) across 384 sites nationwide. We establish the lifespan normative trajectories for 296 structural brain phenotypes, encompassing global, subcortical, and cortical measures. Cross-population comparisons with Western brain charts (based on data from 56,339 participants aged 0-100 years) reveal distinct neurodevelopmental patterns in the Chinese population, including prolonged cortical and subcortical maturation, accelerated cerebellar growth, and earlier development of sensorimotor regions relative to paralimbic regions. Crucially, these Chinese-specific charts outperform Western-derived models in predicting healthy brain phenotypes and detecting pathological deviations in Chinese clinical cohorts. These findings highlight the urgent need for diverse, population-representative brain charts to advance equitable precision neuroscience and improve clinical validity across populations.
基金：
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82021004, 82327807 and 31830034 to Y. He, T24B2012 to L. Sun, 824B2051 to X. Liang, 82472052 to W. Qin, and 82430063 to C. Yu), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1314300 to C. Yu), the scientific and technological innovation 2030 - the major project of the Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology (2021ZD0200500 to Q. Dong).
语种：
外文
PubmedID：
第一作者：
第一作者机构：[1]State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[2]Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[3]IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
共同第一作者：
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[2]Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[3]IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.[86]Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.[180]Department of Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.[181]Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China.[186]Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.[187]Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Sun Lianglong,Qin Wen,Liang Xinyuan,et al.Population-specific brain charts reveal Chinese-Western differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories[J].Biorxiv : The Preprint Server For Biology.2025,doi:10.1101/2025.06.17.659820.
APA：
Sun Lianglong,Qin Wen,Liang Xinyuan,Wang Caihong,Men Weiwei...&He Yong.(2025).Population-specific brain charts reveal Chinese-Western differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories.Biorxiv : The Preprint Server For Biology,,
MLA：
Sun Lianglong,et al."Population-specific brain charts reveal Chinese-Western differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories".Biorxiv : The Preprint Server For Biology .(2025)
