Objective: The emphasis of this study focused on the possible implication and the mechanism of miR-144-3p in septic acute lung injury (ALI) condition. Methods: Mice were pre-injected with miR-144-3p agomir, miR-144-3p antagomir, sh-Caveolin-2 or PBS before 10 mg/kg LPS induced sepsis model establishment. The ratio of wet weight of lung tissues and body weight (W/W) was calculated. The pathological changes on lung tissues were observed by H&E staining. Secretions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6) in both mouse serum and lung tissues were determined by ELISA. Cell apoptosis and cell morphology were measured by TUNEL staining and H&E staining. The expressions of miR-144-3p, Caveolin-2, apoptotic related proteins and JAK/STAT pathway related proteins were measured by qRT-PCR or/and Western blot. Dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to detect the binding of miR-144-3p with Caveolin-2. Results: LPS resulted in increased W/W, disrupted lung tissue, enhanced inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. miR-144-3p was upregulated while Caveolin-2 was downregulated in response to LPS treatment. Inflammation and cell apoptosis induced by LPS can be alleviated by miR-144-3p antagomir injection, but enhanced by miR-144-3p agomir or sh-Caveolin-2 treatment. miR-144-3p can negatively target Caveolin-2. miR-144-3p can activate the JAK/STAT signal pathway through Caveolin-2 in septic ALI mouse. Conclusion: miR-144-3 can promote LPS induced septic ALI through downregulating Caveolin-2 to activate the JAK/STAT signal pathway.