Purpose: To explore the prevalence and associations of vitreous macular traction (VMT) in Chinese population. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study with 3468 individuals (mean age of 64.6 +/- 9.8 years) based on Beijing Eye Study 2011. Participants underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). VMT was defined as abnormal posterior vitreous detachment with anatomical deformation of the fovea, which may include pseudocyst, macular schisis, cystoid macular edema, and subretinal fluid. Main Outcome Measure: Prevalence of VMT. Results: A VMT was detected in 151 (2.3%) eyes (prevalence rate (mean +/- SE): 2.3 +/- 0.2%; 95% CI: 1.9%, 2.7%) of 80 (2.4%) subjects (prevalence rate: 2.4 +/- 0.3%; 95% CI: 1.9%, 2.9%). Mean age of all subjects with VMT was 70.1 +/- 8.7 years (median, 70.0 years; range, 50-90 years), mean refractive error was -0.22 +/- 2.38D (median, 0.25 D; range, -15.00 to 5.25D). In multivariate analysis, prevalence of VMT was associated with elder age (P=0.001, OR 1.06), female gender (P = 0.036, OR 1.77), subfoveal retinal thickness (P = 0.005, OR 1.01), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.026, OR 0.10). Conclusion: In adult Chinese in Greater Beijing, the prevalence of VMT was 2.3% for eyes or 2.4% for subjects. While it was associated with elder age, female gender, thicker subfoveal retinal thickness and thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness.