Background: Incidental thyroid carcinomas (ITCs) in patients undergoing head and neck surgery are rare, but there are no standard guidelines for the treatment of this situation. This retrospective study sought to detail our experiences in the treatment of ITCs related to the surgery of head and neck cancers.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data about the ITCs in the patients with head and neck cancer, who underwent surgical treatments at Beijing Tongren Hospital in the past 5 years. The number and size of the thyroid nodules, postoperative pathology, follow-up results, and other information were recorded in detail. All the patients underwent surgical treatment and were followed-up for >1 year.Results: A total of 11 patients (10 male and 1 female) with ITC were included in this study. The patients had an average age of 58 years. Most of the patients (72.7%, 8/11) had laryngeal squamous cell cancer, and 7 were diagnosed with thyroid nodules on ultrasound. The surgical procedures for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers included partial laryngectomy, total laryngectomy, and hypopharyngectomy. All the patients underwent thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. No recurrence or mortality events from thyroid carcinoma were observed.Conclusions: More attention needs to be paid to ITCs in head and neck surgery patients. Additionally, more research and the long-time follow-up of ITC patients are needed to extend understandings. For patients with head and neck cancers, if the suspicious thyroid nodules are found pre-operatively by ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is recommended. If FNA cannot be performed, the guidelines for thyroid nodules should be followed. In patients with postoperative ITC, TSH suppression therapy and follow-up is indicated.