Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in women. This study aimed to investigate the intake and effect of nab-paclitaxel in chemotherapy for patients with advanced cervical cancer, to collect more evidence for clinical medication. A total of 96 patients with advanced cervical cancer who received chemotherapy treatment in Wuhan Third Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022 were randomly divided into observation group (treated with nab-paclitaxel + cisplatin) and control group (treated with paclitaxel + cisplatin) by envelope method. The short-term efficacy, tumor markers, immune function indicators, adverse reactions and quality of life of both groups were observed and compared with each other. After treatment, serum tumor markers were notably decreased, while cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ and CD4+/cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ were clearly increased in both groups. The observation group showed the improvement effect of each index in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05) than the control group. The effective disease control rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group while the incidence of treatment-related adverse reactions in the observation group was higher than that of the control group. The observation group indicated improved effective rate of Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) than the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, nab-paclitaxel has significant advantages in chemotherapy for patients suffering from advanced cervical cancer, which can strengthen immune function, improve the effectiveness of disease control, and promote the improvement of functional status.