Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease spectrum with variable phenotypes and endotypes that are not well characterized. Conventional treatment options are insufficient; recent research in precision medicine focuses on providing endotype-driven care based on underlying mechanisms.Areas covered: A comprehensive overview of CRS phenotypes and endotypes is provided. Biomarkers have been identified to predict prognosis and guide personalized pharmacotherapy, surgery, and innovative treatments. For CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), type 2-targeting biologics, such as anti-IgE, anti-IL4R?, and anti-IL5 antibodies, have been explored in clinical trials.Expert opinion: In addition to differences in immunopathogenic mechanisms and responses to medical and surgical interventions, CRS endotypes vary according to geography and ethnicity and their distributions change over time. Endotype-driven integrated care is a promising approach. Our current understanding of type 2 inflammation is well ahead of that of other endotypes. Biomarkers of type 2 inflammation show good predictive ability for corticosteroid responsiveness and disease recurrence. Type 2-targeted treatments are effective for CRSwNP based on clinical trials. The identification of patient subsets and effective biomarkers is important for optimizing biotherapeutic strategies. Further studies should focus on non-type 2 inflammation-targeted treatment approaches and the safety of biologics for routine clinical use.
基金：
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health [Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)] [20181045]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research TeamProgram for Changjiang Scholars & Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT) [IRT13082]; National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC0116800, 2016YFC20160905200]; National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period [2014BAI07B04]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81420108009, 81970850, 81630023, 81570895, 81870698, 81400444]; Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals' Mission Plan [SML20150203]; Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals' Innovation Program of Clinical Techniques [XMLX201816]; Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals' Youth Programme [QML20150202]; Research of Capital Health Security and Cultivation [Z18110700160000]; Beijing Hundred-Thousand-Ten Thousand Founding Program [2018A10]
第一作者机构：[1]Capital Med Univ, Beijing TongRen Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 1 DongJiaoMinXiang, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Capital Med Univ, Beijing TongRen Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 1 DongJiaoMinXiang, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China[2]Beijing Inst Otolaryngol, Beijing Key Lab Nasal Dis, Beijing, Peoples R China[3]Capital Med Univ, Beijing TongRen Hosp, Dept Allergy, Beijing, Peoples R China[*1]Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing 100730, PR China[*2]Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing 100005, PR China
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Lou Hongfei,Wang Chengshuo,Zhang Luo.Endotype-driven precision medicine in chronic rhinosinusitis[J].EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY.2019,15(11):1171-1183.doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1679626.
APA：
Lou, Hongfei,Wang, Chengshuo&Zhang, Luo.(2019).Endotype-driven precision medicine in chronic rhinosinusitis.EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY,15,(11)
MLA：
Lou, Hongfei,et al."Endotype-driven precision medicine in chronic rhinosinusitis".EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 15..11(2019):1171-1183
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