Purpose of review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly become a great public health hazard globally. Nasal epithelial cells are an important site for SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on the endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recent findings Endotypes of CRSwNP are characterized by type 1, type 2 and type 3 inflammation according to patterns of inflammatory cells and the cytokines expressed in nasal tissue. Nasal epithelial cells show the highest expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for attachment and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, among all investigated cells in the respiratory tree. SARS-CoV-2 infection likely leads to increased activation of T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Recent studies further suggest that ACE2 may be upregulated by type 1 and downregulated by type 2 inflammatory cytokines in nasal epithelial cells. Summary Expression of ACE2 in nasal epithelial cells is influenced by inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP. Type 1 inflammation in nasal tissue may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by upregulating ACE2 expression. However, clinical association between CRSwNP and COVID-19 is still unclear.
基金：
national key R&D program of China [2018YFC0116800, 2016YFC0905200]; program for the Changjiang scholars and innovative research teamProgram for Changjiang Scholars & Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT) [IRT13082]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81800882, 81630023, 81870698]; Beijing municipal administration of hospitals' mission plan [SML20150203]; Beijing municipal administration of hospitals' Dengfeng plan [DFL20190202]; Beijing municipal administration of hospitals clinical medicine development of special funding support [XMLX201816]
第一作者机构：[1]Capital Med Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Beijing Tong Ren Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China[2]Capital Med Univ, Beijing Key Lab Nasal Dis, Beijing Inst Otolaryngol, Beijing, Peoples R China
共同第一作者：
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Capital Med Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Beijing Tong Ren Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China[2]Capital Med Univ, Beijing Key Lab Nasal Dis, Beijing Inst Otolaryngol, Beijing, Peoples R China[3]Capital Med Univ, Dept Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China[*1]Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100730, China
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Wang Ming,Wang Chengshuo,Zhang Luo.Inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP and responses to COVID-19[J].CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY.2021,21(1):8-15.doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000700.
APA：
Wang, Ming,Wang, Chengshuo&Zhang, Luo.(2021).Inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP and responses to COVID-19.CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY,21,(1)
MLA：
Wang, Ming,et al."Inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP and responses to COVID-19".CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 21..1(2021):8-15
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