ABSTRACT Objective:To survey and analyze the radiation doses of pediatric CT in some provinces (autonomous region) or municipalities in China, and compare them with the data released by the relevant domestic and international organizations, so as to identify the current status of Chinese pediatric CT radiation doses. Methods:Radiation doses of pediatric CT were collected during August and December 2016 from 40 hospitals (including 18 children’s hospitals) in 15 provinces, municipalities or autonomous regions across the China. The procedures of head CT, chest CT and abdomen CT were selected in these hospitals, and 10 patients in each group of 0- < 1 y, 1- < 5 y, 5- <10 y and 10- < 15 y were collected at random for every procedure. Weighted CT dose index (CTDI w), volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were used as survey quantities. An independent sample Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was performed for CTDI and DLP for each procedure for different age groups, and pairwise comparisons were performed for intra-group data. The same statistical method was also conducted for CTDI and DLP of the same procedure and age group in different provinces or municipalities. Results:The 75th percentiles of the distribution of CTDI and DLP in different age groups of 0- < 1 y, 1- < 5 y, 5- <10 y and 10- < 15 y were as follows: 36.5, 43.4, 49.1, 51.1 mGy and 488, 635, 723, 852 mGy.cm for head, 6.1, 6.4, 6.8, 9.6 mGy and 108, 136, 187, 293 mGy.cm for chest, 10.5, 10.3, 11.4, 13.0 mGy and 251,284,353, 523 mGy.cm for abdomen. The 50th percentiles of the distribution of the radiation doses for the same procedure varied with the ages (head, CTDI w: H = 155.66, DLP: H = 212.35, P < 0.05; chest, CTDI vol: H = 85.43, DLP: H = 197.36, P < 0.05; abdomen: H = 62.29, DLP: H = 173.22, P < 0.05)and with lower dose at lower age. Radiation doses were close for head between 5- <10 y and 10- <15 y groups, for chest between 1- <5 y and 5- <10 y groups and between 5- <10 y and 10- <15 y groups, and for abdomen between 0- <1 y and 1- <5 y groups, with no statistically significant difference (the adjusted P > 0.05). The dose levels of different provinces or municipalities in the same procedure and age group were not consistent, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The data were different from the domestic and international values of DRL. The 75th percentiles of CTDI w and DLP values of head CT were close to the data from Japan and UK(United Kingdom), higher than the data from Korea and EC(European Commission). The 75th percentiles of CTDI values of all age groups were lower than the values of Japan and UK, and larger than that of Korea and EC in chest CT and abdomen CT. Conclusions:The 75th percentile values of the distribution of the pediatric CT doses obtained from the survey were inconsistent with those released by the relevant national and international organizations. It is necessary to update the national DRLs for pediatric CT on the basis of the actual survey data.