Purpose To analyze anatomical factors contributing to angle closure based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging. Methods A total of 238 patients with angle closure and 1122 normal controls were consecutively recruited for this study. Participants' eyes were imaged using AS-OCT under the same darkened ambient light conditions. The following parameters were analyzed: central anterior chamber depth (ACD); anterior chamber area (ACA); anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber width (ACW); corneal diameter (CD); posterior cornea curvature (PCC); anterior cornea curvature (ACC); maximum iris thickness (ITM); iris thickness at 750 um (IT750) and 2000 um (IT2000) from the scleral spur; iris curvature (IC); iris area (IA); lens vault (LV); angle opening distance (AOD); trabecular iris space area at 500 um (TISA500) and 750 um (TISA750) from the scleral spur; angle recess area (ARA). Lasso regression models were used to detect the collinearity of parameters. The multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the independent association between angle closure and those parameters included in Lasso regression model. Also Factor analysis was performed to extract a few underlying factors (components) from these parameters. Results Lasso regression showed that ACD, ACV, PCC, IT750, IT2000 and LV were screened in the model. The multivariable logistic regression indicated that ACV, PCC, IT750 and LV were significantly associated with angle closure. Factor analyses revealed that 4 factors, each with its closely associated clusters of variables, produced the best results: ACA, ACV and ACD (Factor 1); LV, tIC and nIC, (Factor 2); ACW, CD and PCC (Factor 3); and tITM, tIT2000, tIT750, nIT2000 and nIT750 (Factor 4). Conclusions Four separate mechanisms were showed to be involved in the pathogenesis of angle closure, from anterior chamber dimensions, lens, iris and cornea respectively. The parameters ACV, PCC, IT750, and LV are more predominant in determining angle closure.