Objective This study aimed to review the available literature on vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome and propose the future study prospect in this field. Data sources The data used in this review were mainly obtained from articles listed in Medline and Pubmed (1970-2013). The search terms were "vitreomacular traction," "optical coherence tomography," "vitrectomy," and "ocriplasmin." Study selection Articles regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatments of VMT were selected and reviewed. Results VMT syndrome is a persistent attachment of vitreous to the macula in eyes with an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment and considered to be an uncommon status which correlated with some other macular disorders. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can support a new way to examine and classify VMT. Nonoperative and operative intervenes on this disease have been developed recently, especially the intravitreal medical therapy. Conclusions VMT syndrome may be associated with various disorders in the macular region, depending in part on the size and strength of the residual vitreomacular adhesion. Regular OCT monitoring is recommended to detect it. Patients with asymptomatic VMT should be observed for at least 2-3 months; nonoperative treatment with ocriplasmin should be considered when disorders persist; surgery is recommended if VMT-related disease is significant.