Thyroid nodule diagnosis from ultrasound images is a critical computer-aided diagnosis task. Previous works tried to imitate the doctor's diagnosis logic by considering the key attributes to improve the diagnosis performance and explaining the conclusion. However, their clinical feasibilities are still ambiguous because of the ignorance of the correlation between attribute features and global characteristics, as well as the lack of clinical effectiveness evaluation of result interpretations. Following the common logic of ultrasonic investigation, we design a novel Attribute-Aware Interpretation Learning (AAIL) model, consisting of attribute properties discovery module and attribute-global feature fusion module. Adequate result interpretation ensures reliability and transparency of diagnostic conclusions, including the visualization of attribute features and the relationship between attributes and the global feature. Extensive experiments on a practical dataset demonstrate the model's effectiveness, and an innovative human-computer collaborative experiment demonstrates the auxiliary diagnostic ability of the interpretations that can benefit professional doctors.